That new feature on our site where you can listen to an article by using the "Listen to the article read aloud" button? We call that text-to-speech.
Text-to-Speech (TTS) is a technology that converts written text into spoken words. It allows digital devices, such as computers, smartphones, and tablets, to read aloud the text displayed on the screen. TTS uses synthetic speech, often referred to as speech synthesis, to vocalize the content, providing an auditory representation of written material. TTS is a versatile tool that can be used across numerous applications, including education, content consumption, language learning, and productivity.
While TTS is a very helpful tool for users, it is not an accessibility feature for those with visual challenges. Instead, it offers a convenient way for users to multitask, improve language skills, and reduce screen time. With increasing integration into digital platforms, TTS is a valuable feature for a broad range of users seeking alternative ways to interact with text-based content.
Benefits of TTS
1. Multitasking
TTS allows people to consume content while doing other tasks, such as driving, exercising, or cooking, making it easier to stay informed or entertained without focusing on a screen.
2. Language learning
TTS can be a useful tool for language learners. It helps them improve their pronunciation, listening skills, and understanding of the rhythm and tone of the language they're studying. It also provides the opportunity to hear content in another language spoken aloud.
3. Enhanced content consumption
People can use TTS to convert written materials like articles, e-books, or reports into audio formats, making it easier to "read" long texts without straining their eyes. It offers an alternative way of digesting information when reading isn't ideal.
4. Time efficiency
TTS can help users save time by listening to content faster than they could read it. Many TTS platforms allow users to increase the playback speed, enabling quicker consumption of information.
5. Cognitive fatigue reduction
For individuals who experience cognitive fatigue from reading or staring at a screen for extended periods, TTS offers a way to absorb information without the mental strain that comes from processing visual content.
6. Supporting literacy and comprehension
TTS can be an educational tool that supports reading comprehension, especially for children or individuals with learning disabilities like dyslexia. Listening to the text while following along visually can reinforce understanding and improve retention.
7. Content accessibility in noisy or poor lighting conditions
In environments where it's difficult to read (e.g., low light or noisy conditions), TTS allows users to consume content without needing to visually engage with the material.
Why TTS is not an accessibility tool for users with low vision
1. Low vision ≠ Blindness
Users with low vision typically have some usable sight and prefer visual adjustments rather than relying on audio alternatives like TTS. They benefit more from tools that enhance their ability to see content (e.g., scalable fonts, improved contrast) rather than from tools that read content aloud.
2. Focus on visual elements
TTS does not improve the visual elements that low-vision users rely on, such as text resizing, better color contrast, and clear layout structures. These users typically need tools that enhance the visual presentation of content rather than converting it to speech.
3. Screen reader usage
Those who are blind typically use screen readers to navigate content, not TTS elements. If a blind user were to rely on TTS, they would need to locate it using a screen reader first, making TTS redundant and inefficient for those with low vision or blindness.
4. Context and spatial layout
Users with low vision often rely on visual context and spatial layout to navigate content. TTS does not provide any information about the layout, visual hierarchy, or interactive elements, which are crucial for users with some vision to orient themselves on a webpage.
5. Independence in visual adjustments
People with low vision prefer to maintain independence over how they interact with content, such as zooming or adjusting contrast. TTS can feel passive and doesn't offer the flexibility and control that visual accessibility tools provide.
Lillian Teague develops accessible content strategies based on WCAG requirements, user research, and real-world testing with assistive technologies.