Key takeaways: Sadness is a basic human emotion that may be triggered by a loss. It’s also possible to feel sad without any specific reason. Chronic sadness is a symptom of depression, but it’s possible to feel sad from time to time without having…

Osteopaths and chiropractors are both healthcare professionals who treat various conditions by manipulating your body. They share some treatment practices but differ in their training, their ability to prescribe medications, and the conditions they…

Electrocardiologists are cardiologists who have received additional training in testing for and treating heart rhythm problems. Electrocardiologists are also known as electrophysiologists, cardiac electrophysiologists, or cardiac EPs. The heart is…

Living with a chronic condition, such as psoriasis, can be mentally and physically demanding. Support groups can help provide reassurance, peer support, and information that makes coping easier. Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes symptoms such…

Scrofula occurs when the bacteria that cause tuberculosis affect an area outside the lungs. The main symptom is swelling on one side of the neck due to swollen lymph nodes. Scrofula is uncommon in the United States. Historically, people referred to…

Retinal vascular occlusion (RVO) occurs when small veins in the back of the eye become blocked, and blood cannot flow through them. The condition can affect vision but does not cause total blindness. Doctors use the terms “retinal vascular occlusion”…

Oophoritis occurs when one or both ovaries become inflamed, commonly due to an infection. It occurs as part of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is inflammation and infection in the upper genital tract of females. Doctors use the term…

People with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) can get a manicure, but their nail technician may need to avoid certain steps, such as filing nails or trimming cuticles, to avoid worsening symptoms. PsA is a chronic health condition that causes inflammation…

Orientation and mobility training helps people with visual impairment learn to navigate their environment. It teaches them to know where they are and create a plan to get where they want to go. Vision impairment changes the way an individual…

Nicotine patch side effects may include dizziness, skin irritation, and headaches. Doctors may recommend switching to a lower dose patch if someone experiences side effects. Nicotine patches are a type of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) that…

Part of a toddler’s diet is often milk. Experts advise that children under 2 years should have no more than 1 and two-thirds to 2 cups of whole milk daily. Additionally, toddlers over 2 years should drink no more than 2 to 2.5 cups of milk. Parents…

Though viral meningitis may clear up on its own, several other types, including bacterial meningitis, require antibiotic treatment. Antibiotics treat many bacterial infections by killing bacteria or making it difficult for bacteria to multiply.…

The fatality rate of meningitis depends largely on the infection type and how quickly a person receives appropriate medical care. Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes or “meninges” surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Most…

Living with epilepsy can create stress and anxiety. Generalized anxiety, panic attacks, and fear of having a seizure are common among people with the condition. About 20% of people with an epilepsy diagnosis also experience anxiety. Knowing that a…

A breakthrough seizure occurs when a person has a seizure after controlling their condition with medication for at least 12 months. They are sometimes known as recurrent seizures. Epilepsy is a neurological condition that causes seizures. The Centers…

Dizziness accompanied by a head injury, chest pain, or shortness of breath may require a trip to an emergency department. For recurring or persistent dizziness, contact a doctor. Dizziness is a broad term that describes being lightheaded, unsteady,…

Air trapping occurs when air stays in the lungs instead of a person fully exhaling it. As air builds up, it causes overinflation of the lungs, making a person feel short of breath. It may be the result of lung disease or damage. Air trapping can…

Many different types of rashes can affect children. A child can develop dermatitis or develop a rash due to a virus, bacteria, or fungus. Although many rashes clear up quickly with home care, some require longer-term treatment or medication. Some…

Ongoing or sudden stress can trigger a headache, such as a tension headache. Stress is also a trigger for migraine headaches. These two types of headaches feel very different from one another. A tension-type headache is the most common type of…

Vaping devices, also known as electronic cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or vapes, heat liquid into an aerosol for inhalation into the lungs. Although some people may consider vaping a better alternative to smoking, it can still lead to lung damage.…